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Al-Azhar University Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Microbiology & Immunology Department Parasitology and Virology (PMI 323) 3 Rd level Pharm D Program By :Alaa Ahmed Elsaed Elgamal ID:27 Under supervision of Pr. Dr/Maha Abu shadi Mumps Virus (MuV).

Definition Mumps Virus is an enveloped negative _sense RNA virus belong to the paramyxovirus family Mode of Transmission The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, coughing, sneezing, and direct contact with infected Clinical Picture Symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, and painful swelling of the parotid glands. Pain may increase during chewing or swallowing Pathogenesis After entering the body, the virus replicates in the respiratory tract, then spreads through the blood to different organs, especially salivary glands, causing inflammation. Complications Complications may include orchitis in males, meningitis, and rarely deafness if not properly managed. Treatment There is no specific antiviral treatment for mumps. Management is supportive: • fever. Analgesics/Antipyretics: Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen for pain and • Hydration: Plenty of fluids (avoiding acidic drinks). • Comfort: Using warm or cold compresses on the swollen area. Prevention and Control Prevention is mainly by MMR vaccine, maintaining hygiene, and isolating infected individuals. QR Code & References.

Al-Azhar University Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Microbiology & Immunology Department Parasitology and Virology (PMI 323) 3 Rd level Pharm D Program Common childhood viral infection (Varicella-Zoster Virus) By: A'laa Elsayed Mohamed Aboelmagd 28 Under supervision of Pr. Dr/Maha Abu shadi.

Name Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) Disease Varicella (chickenpox) as primary infection and Herpes zoster (shingles) as reactivation. Mode of Transmission Spread via respiratory droplets and direct contact with vesicular fluid. Clinical Pictures Chickenpox: fever, malaise, itchy vesicular rash in different stages. Shingles: painful unilateral vesicular rash along dermatome, possible postherpetic neuralgia. Pathogenesis Virus enters respiratory tract, replicates in lymph nodes, causes viremia, spreads to skin, then becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia. Reactivation leads to shingles. Treatment Antivirals such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. Supportive care includes analgesics and antipyretics. Avoid :aspirin should be avoided in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome Prevention and Control Vaccination (varicella and zoster vaccines), isolation of infected individuals, hygiene measures. Reference https://emedicine.medscape.com.

Al-Azhar University In Cairo Microbiology & Immunology Department Parasitology &Virology (PMI323) Third level Pharm-D program Adenoviruses are DNA viruses with non-enveloped icosahedral particles that are approximately 90 nm in diameter, isolated from human adenoid in 1953. ADENOVIRUS (dSS DNA virus) By: Al-Ashaimaa Mohammed Abdelrhim ID: 35 UnderSupervision: Prof.Dr.Maha Abu Shadi.

Clinical pictutre: Adenoviruses most commonly cause respiratory illness. The illnesses can range from the common cold to pneumonia, croup, and bronchitis. Depending on the type, adenoviruses can cause other illnesses such as gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, and, less commonly, neurological disease. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology :Infection is usually transmitted in droplets of respiratory or ocular secretions. Some adenovirus types are oncogenic in newborn rodents and can transform cells. Human oncogenesis has not been found but may nevertheless occur (e.g., by a “hit-and-run” mechanism). Treatment:no specific cure for adenovirus,so treatment focus on relieving symptoms & supporting recovery such as: Get plenty of rest Stay well hydrated Clean nasal secretion s regularly Receiving age-appropriate fever reducing medication when needed Prevention: 1. Personal hygiene 2. Vaccination 3. Don't share personal items • • • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. • Name of infectious agent: Adenovirus Disease: 1. acute respiratory disease (usually). 2. pneumonia (occasionally) 3. acute follicular conjunctivitis(pink eye) 4. epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 5. 6. cystitis, and gastroenteritis (occasionally). In infants, pharyngitis and pharyngeal-conjunctival fever are common. Epidemiolog: People of all ages are at risk of acquiring adenovirus, but infection is more common in children, and at any time of year. Mode of transmission: Transmission of adenoviruses from an infected individual to others can occur through: ▪ ▪ ▪ Personal contact Droplets from coughing and sneezing Touching a surface with adenoviruses on it and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands Stool (durting nappy changing. ▪ 4. Avoid close contact 5. Environmental cleanliness.

AL-Azher Unvirsity Faculty of pharmacy (Girls) Microbiology & Imunology Department Parasitology and virology (PMT323) Common childhood viral infection (parvovirus B19) Student name (Alaa Ali Mohamed ) ID (29) Under supervision of Prof. D/ Maha Abu Shadi.

Introduction: Parvovirus B19 is a nonenveloped, icosahedral virus containing a single-stranded, linear DNA genom . This virus exhibits strict human tropism and does not infect other animal species. It get infected young children aged 5 to 15 years but can also occur in adult. Disease: "Slapped cheek" this is also known as (Fifth Disease) Mode of transimission: Transmission of the virus occurs primarily through respiratory secretions during close contact, although parenteral transmission through blood products and vertical transmission from mother to fetus have been well documented. Symptoms: Approximately 1 in 4 people who get infected with parvovirus B19 will have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild and may include:  Fever  Rashes  Headache  Cough, sore throat  Joint pain Treatment : Treatment usually involves relieving symptoms, such as fever (anti pyretic), itching, joint pain, and swelling. For people who develop a low blood count, treatment may include supportive care, blood products, and other specialized therapies. Prevention and safety measures : Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. wash your hand and use proper handwash is especially important in childcare . https://www.cdc.gov/parvovirus-b19/about/index.html..

Microbiology and Microbiology and immunology Department Al-Azhar University Cairo Faculty of pharmacy girls Parasitology and Virology Common childhood viral (Respiratory Syntical Virus) Name: Al- Zahraa Mohammed Abd al-Rahman ID:32 Under supervision of: Prof. D. / Maha Abu Shadi.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Abstract: RSV is a common cause of respiratory infections, especially in infants and young children. It is an enveloped, single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus. Name of the infectious agent: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease: Bronchiolitis - Pneumonia (especially in infants ( Mode of transmission: Respiratory droplets (coughing & sneezing) Direct contact with contaminated surfaces or secretions Clinical picture: Most symptoms are mild, but can be severe in infants: Fever - Cough - Runny nose - Wheezing - Difficulty breathing In severe cases → cyanosis & respiratory distress Pathogenesis: RSV infects respiratory epithelial cells Causes cell fusion (syncytia formation) Leads to inflammation, mucus secretion, and airway obstruction Treatment: No specific antiviral treatment in most cases Supportive care: Oxygen therapy Fluids Severe cases: hospitalization Prevention and control: Hand hygiene Avoid close contact with infected people Cleaning contaminated surfaces Monoclonal antibodies (for high-risk infants).

Al-Azhar Universit Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Microbiology & Immunology Department Parasitology and Virology (PMI 323) 3 Rd level Pharm D Program Common childhood viral infection (Measles virus) By:Alshimaa Mohammad Hussein ID:34 Under supervisio o Pr. Dr/Naha Abu shadi 2025/2026.

1-Name of the Infectious Agent Measles virus: An RNA virus (single-stranded, negative-sense). Family: Paramyxoviridae; Genus: Morbillivirus. 2-Disease : Measles:A highly contagious, acute viral respiratory illness. 3-Epidemiology Host: Humans are the only natural reservoir. Incidence: Highly prevalent in areas with low vaccination rates. It has a very high basic reproduction number 4-Mode of Transmission Airborne: Via respiratory droplets or aerosolized particles (can stay in the air for up to 2 hours).Direct Contact: Touching infected nasal or throat secretions. 5-Clinical Picture 1.Prodrome (The 3 Cs): High fever accompanied by Cough, Coryza , and Conjunctivitis. 2.Koplik’s Spots 3.Exanthem (Rash) 6-Pathogenesis of Pathological Effects 1.High Virulence 2.Immune Amnesia 3.Giant Cells (Warthin-Finkeldey) 4.Inflammation 5.CNS Damage 7-Treatment 1.Supportive: Hydration, antipyretics 2.Vitamin A 8-Prevention Active Immunization and Post-exposure Prophylaxis.

parasitology and virology(PMl 323) Common childhood viral infection(Rubella virus) Written by:Asala Samir AbdelMonem Hosny ID:2023-25 Third year student/2025-2026 Under supervision of:prof.D/Maha Abu Shadi.

(Rubella virus) Abstract:Rubella (German measles) is a mild viral infection. Name of infectious agent:Rubella virus Family: TogaviridaeGenus: Rubivirus. Rubella Syndrome (CRS). Mode of transimission• Respiratory droplets (coughing, sneezing). Vertical transmission (mother— fetus via placenta). Signs & Symptoms: • Low-grade fever Maculopapular rash (starts on face spreads down) Postauricular&suboccipital lymphadenopathy In pregnancy: CRS: deafness, cataracts, heart defects. Rubella Pathogenisis: • Virus enters through the respiratory tract(inhalation of droplets) • Virus spreads into the bloodstream (primary viremia) Disseminates to:Skin and Lymphoid tissues Treatment: • No specific antiviral • Antipyretics (e.g.. Paracetamol) • Rest, fluids Prevention & Control: Vaccination (MMR vaccine) Avoid exposure during pregnancy Screen women of childbearing age for immunity.

1 Al-Azhar University Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Microbiology & Immunology Depart. Parasitology and Virology (PMI 323) 3rd level Pharm D Influenza virus Name: Alaa Abdallah Ali. ID: 31 Under Supervision Of: Pr. Dr/Maha Abu Shadi. 2025-2026.

2 ♦Abstract: Influenza (flu) in children is a highly contagious respiratory infection causing sudden high fever, cough, body aches, and fatigue, lasting about a week. ♦ Name of infectious agent: The infectious agent responsible for influenza in children is the influenza virus, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. ♦ Mode of transmission: Influenza in children spreads primarily through respiratory droplets released when infected individuals cough, sneeze, or talk. ♦Clinical picture: Symptoms include Sudden fever, chills, sore throat, cough, runny nose, body aches, headaches, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting or diarrhea. ♦Complications: Influenza in children can lead to serious, sometimes fatal complications, including pneumonia, severe dehydration, brain inflammation (encephalitis) and myocarditis. ♦Treatment: Treatment for influenza in children involves managing symptoms with rest, hydration, and fever-reducers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen (avoid aspirin). Antiviral drugs, specifically Tamiflu (oseltamivir). ♦Prevention and control: The primary method for preventing influenza in children 6 months and older is annualfrequent handwashing, covering coughs/sneezes, staying home when sick, and using antiviral drugs for high-risk or severe cases vaccination. ♦Reference: https://share.google/YbEXZLdcFCCfl76VQ.

AL-AZHAR University Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Microbiology &Immunology Depart. Parasitology & Virology (PMI 3323) Common childhood viral infection (Rhinovirus) Written by: Alshimaa Sabry Mohammed ID: 02-12023-033 Third year student 2025-2026 Under supervision of: Prof.D./ Maha Abu shadi.

Rhinovirus Name of Infectious Agent: Rhinovirus. Disease: Responsible for 50-80% of common cold, It causes upper respiratory infection . Mode of Transmission: Rhinovirus are transmitted mainly through respiratory droplets produced when coughing or sneezing, direct Contact with contaminated nasal secretions. Indirect transmission via contaminated surface, especially when virus is transferred to the eyes,nose or mouth by hand. Clinical Picture & pathogenesis: Rhinovirus primary affects nasopharynx causing 1. Nasal congestion . 2. Runny nose , Sneezing . 3. Sore throat , dry cough . 4. Headache . Normally symptoms will only last a few days from 5-7 days, more severe symptoms is less common but can include ( Asthma attach , middle ear infection, sinus infection, bronchitis, pneumonia). Treatment: Currently, there is no specific antiviral therapy for Rhinovirus. Management is symptomatic including : 1. Rest . 2. Adequate fluid intake . 3. Analgesics and antipyretic. Prevention and control: Frequent hand washing, avoid close contact with infected individuals and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/rhinoviruses/about/index.html https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/227820-overview#a1 https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/rhinovirus..

Microbiology and Immunity Department Al-Azhar University Cairo Faculty of Pharmacy Girls Parasitology and Virology (PMI 323) Common childhood viral infections (Rotavirus) Written by: Alaa Ahmed Ahmed Osman. ID: D 2023 -026 Third year student /2025 – 2026. Under supervision of : Prof .D. / Maha Abu Shadi.

(Rotavirus) Abstract: Rotavirus is the main cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children, leading to over 200,000 deaths each year mostly in developing countries. Name of the infections agent: Rotavirus. Disease: Rotavirus is a highly contagious virus that mainly affects infants and young children, causing severe diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain, which can lead to dehydration and hospitalization. Before the vaccine, it was a common and serious illness, with most children infected by age five, though older children and adults can also be affected. Mode of transmission: Rotavirus spreads by the fecal-oral route through contaminated hands. food, water, or close contact. It's highly contagious, especially in children. Signs and symptoms: Children infected with rotavirus may have: ● Severe watery diarrhea. ● Vomiting. ● Fever. ● Abdominal. ● Loss of appetite. ● Dehydration (loss of body fluids) Diagnosis: The signs and symptoms of rotavirus infection are similar to those caused by other diseases. Therefore, rotavirus must be diagnosed by laboratory testing (detecting rotavirus in the stool). Treatment: No specific treatment for rotavirus. The main concern is dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. Mild cases are treated with oral rehydration solutions (ORS) , while severe cases may need IV fluids in the hospital. Prevention: Good hygiene helps but not enough to prevent rotavirus spread. The best protection is vaccination, which protects most children from severe illness and reduces symptoms if infection occur..