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UNIT 11.1 · COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS. A Brief History of Computers.
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02. INTRODUCTION. Why computers came to be. Computers were developed because people needed faster and more accurate ways to perform calculations. What began as simple manual counting tools gradually evolved — step by step, invention by invention — into the powerful computers we rely on today..
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03. EARLY TIMES. Analog devices. An analog device measures or represents data using a continuous scale — rather than distinct, countable steps. These tools were widely used long before modern digital computers existed..
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04. EARLY TIMES. John Napier & the Slide Rule. John Napier.
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05. EARLY TIMES. The Abacus. An abacus is an early counting and calculating device made from a frame, wires, and sliding beads..
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06. PIONEERS. Early Computing Pioneers. Blaise Pascal.
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07. PIONEERS. Charles Babbage. “The Father of the Computer”.
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08. PIONEERS. Alan Turing. Contribution. Developed the Turing Machine in 1932. Provided the theoretical basis for modern digital computers..
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09. A MAJOR DEVELOPMENT. The Binary Number System.
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10. A NEW ERA. ENIAC — First General-Purpose Computer.
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11. ARCHITECTURE. John von Neumann. Contribution.
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12. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS. First to Third Generation.
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13. A PLACE IN THE STORY. Silicon Valley. Meaning.
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14. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS. Fourth & Fifth Generation.
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15. QUICK REVISION. Timeline of Computer Development.
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16. QUICK REVISION. Key Definitions. Analog Device.
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17. EXAM TIP. Remember this sequence. 1. Abacus. 2.